gplx/mediawiki/includes/libs/rdbms/database/IReadableDatabase.php

701 lines
27 KiB
PHP

<?php
/**
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
* with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
* 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
* http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
*
* @file
*/
namespace Wikimedia\Rdbms;
use stdClass;
use Stringable;
use Wikimedia\Rdbms\Database\DbQuoter;
use Wikimedia\Rdbms\Database\IDatabaseFlags;
use Wikimedia\Rdbms\Platform\ISQLPlatform;
// Very long type annotations :(
// phpcs:disable Generic.Files.LineLength
/**
* A database connection without write operations.
*
* @since 1.40
* @ingroup Database
*/
interface IReadableDatabase extends Stringable, ISQLPlatform, DbQuoter, IDatabaseFlags {
/** Parameter to unionQueries() for UNION ALL */
public const UNION_ALL = true;
/** Parameter to unionQueries() for UNION DISTINCT */
public const UNION_DISTINCT = false;
/**
* Get a human-readable string describing the current software version
*
* Use getServerVersion() to get machine-friendly information.
*
* @return string Version information from the database server
*/
public function getServerInfo();
/**
* Get/set the table prefix
*
* @param string|null $prefix The table prefix to set, or omitted to leave it unchanged
* @return string The previous table prefix
*/
public function tablePrefix( $prefix = null );
/**
* Get/set the db schema
*
* @param string|null $schema The database schema to set, or omitted to leave it unchanged
* @return string The previous db schema
*/
public function dbSchema( $schema = null );
/**
* @return bool Whether a connection to the database open
*/
public function isOpen();
/**
* Return the currently selected domain ID
*
* Null components (database/schema) might change once a connection is established
*
* @return string
*/
public function getDomainID();
/**
* Get the RDBMS type of the server (e.g. "mysql", "sqlite")
*
* @return string
*/
public function getType();
/**
* Get the RDBMS-specific error code from the last attempted query statement
*
* @return int|string Error code (integer or hexadecimal depending on RDBMS type)
*/
public function lastErrno();
/**
* Get the RDBMS-specific error description from the last attempted query statement
*
* @return string
*/
public function lastError();
/**
* Returns a wikitext style link to the DB's website (e.g. "[https://www.mysql.com/ MySQL]")
*
* Should at least contain plain text, if for some reason your database has no website.
*
* @return string Wikitext of a link to the server software's web site
*/
public function getSoftwareLink();
/**
* A string describing the current software version
*
* @return string Version information from the database server.
*/
public function getServerVersion();
/**
* Close the database connection
*
* This should only be called after any transactions have been resolved,
* aside from read-only automatic transactions (assuming no callbacks are registered).
* If a transaction is still open anyway, it will be rolled back.
*
* @internal Only for use by LoadBalancer
*
* @param string $fname Caller name @phan-mandatory-param
* @return bool Success
* @throws DBError
*/
public function close( $fname = __METHOD__ );
/**
* Create an empty SelectQueryBuilder which can be used to run queries
* against this connection.
*
* @note A new query builder must be created per query. Query builders
* should not be reused since this uses a fluent interface and the state of
* the builder changes during the query which may cause unexpected results.
*
* @return SelectQueryBuilder
*/
public function newSelectQueryBuilder(): SelectQueryBuilder;
/**
* Create an empty UnionQueryBuilder which can be used to run queries
* against this connection.
*
* @note A new query builder must be created per query. Query builders
* should not be reused since this uses a fluent interface and the state of
* the builder changes during the query which may cause unexpected results.
*
* @since 1.41
* @return UnionQueryBuilder
*/
public function newUnionQueryBuilder(): UnionQueryBuilder;
/**
* A SELECT wrapper which returns a single field from a single result row
*
* If no result rows are returned from the query, false is returned.
*
* New callers should use {@link newSelectQueryBuilder} with {@link SelectQueryBuilder::fetchField}
* instead, which is more readable and less error-prone.
*
* @internal callers outside of rdbms library should use SelectQueryBuilder instead.
*
* @param string|array $tables Table reference(s), using the unqualified name of tables
* or of the form "information_schema.<identifier>". {@see select} for details.
* @param-taint $tables exec_sql
* @param string|array $var The field name to select. This must be a valid SQL fragment: do not
* use unvalidated user input. Can be an array, but must contain exactly 1 element then.
* {@see select} for details.
* @param-taint $var exec_sql
* @param string|IExpression|array<string,?scalar|non-empty-array<int,?scalar>|RawSQLValue>|array<int,string|IExpression> $cond
* The condition array. {@see select} for details.
* @param-taint $cond exec_sql_numkey
* @param string $fname The function name of the caller. @phan-mandatory-param
* @param-taint $fname exec_sql
* @param string|array $options The query options. {@see select} for details.
* @param-taint $options none This is special-cased in MediaWikiSecurityCheckPlugin
* @param string|array $join_conds The query join conditions. {@see select} for details.
* @param-taint $join_conds none This is special-cased in MediaWikiSecurityCheckPlugin
* @return mixed|false The value from the field, or false if nothing was found
* @return-taint tainted
* @throws DBError If an error occurs, {@see query}
*/
public function selectField(
$tables, $var, $cond = '', $fname = __METHOD__, $options = [], $join_conds = []
);
/**
* A SELECT wrapper which returns a list of single field values from result rows
*
* If no result rows are returned from the query, an empty array is returned.
*
* New callers should use {@link newSelectQueryBuilder} with {@link SelectQueryBuilder::fetchFieldValues}
* instead, which is more readable and less error-prone.
*
* @internal callers outside of rdbms library should use SelectQueryBuilder instead.
*
* @param string|array $tables Table reference(s), using the unqualified name of tables
* or of the form "information_schema.<identifier>". {@see select} for details.
* @param-taint $tables exec_sql
* @param string $var The field name to select. This must be a valid SQL
* fragment: do not use unvalidated user input.
* @param-taint $var exec_sql
* @param string|IExpression|array<string,?scalar|non-empty-array<int,?scalar>|RawSQLValue>|array<int,string|IExpression> $cond
* The condition array. {@see select} for details.
* @param-taint $cond exec_sql_numkey
* @param string $fname The function name of the caller. @phan-mandatory-param
* @param-taint $fname exec_sql
* @param string|array $options The query options. {@see select} for details.
* @param-taint $options none This is special-cased in MediaWikiSecurityCheckPlugin
* @param string|array $join_conds The query join conditions. {@see select} for details.
* @param-taint $join_conds none This is special-cased in MediaWikiSecurityCheckPlugin
*
* @return array The values from the field in the order they were returned from the DB
* @return-taint tainted
* @throws DBError If an error occurs, {@see query}
* @since 1.25
*/
public function selectFieldValues(
$tables, $var, $cond = '', $fname = __METHOD__, $options = [], $join_conds = []
): array;
/**
* Execute a SELECT query constructed using the various parameters provided
*
* New callers should use {@link newSelectQueryBuilder} with {@link SelectQueryBuilder::fetchResultSet}
* instead, which is more readable and less error-prone.
*
* @param string|array $tables Table reference(s), using the unqualified name of tables
* or of the form "information_schema.<identifier>".
* @param-taint $tables exec_sql
*
* Each table reference assigns a table name to a specified collection of rows
* for the context of the query (e.g. field expressions, WHERE clause, GROUP BY
* clause, HAVING clause, ect...). Use of multiple table references implies a JOIN.
*
* If a string is given, it must hold the name of the table having the specified
* collection of rows. If an array is given, each entry must be one of the following:
* - A string holding the name of the existing table which has the collection
* of rows. If keyed by a string, the key will be the assigned table name.
* - A Subquery instance which specifies the collection of rows derived from
* a subquery. If keyed by a string, the key will be the assigned table name.
* Otherwise, the SQL text of the subquery will be the assigned table name.
* - An array specifying the collection of rows derived from a parenthesized
* JOIN. It must be keyed by a string, which will be used as the assigned
* table name.
*
* String keys allow table aliases to be specified, for example:
*
* [ 'a' => 'user' ]
*
* This includes the user table in the query, with the alias "a" available
* for use in field names (e.g. a.user_name).
*
* A derived table, defined by the result of selectSQLText(), requires an alias
* key and a Subquery instance value which wraps the SQL query, for example:
*
* [ 'c' => new Subquery( 'SELECT ...' ) ]
*
* Joins using parentheses for grouping (since MediaWiki 1.31) may be
* constructed using nested arrays. For example,
*
* [ 'tableA', 'nestedB' => [ 'tableB', 'b2' => 'tableB2' ] ]
*
* along with `$join_conds` like
*
* [ 'b2' => [ 'JOIN', 'b_id = b2_id' ], 'nestedB' => [ 'LEFT JOIN', 'b_a = a_id' ] ]
*
* will produce SQL something like
*
* FROM tableA LEFT JOIN (tableB JOIN tableB2 AS b2 ON (b_id = b2_id)) ON (b_a = a_id)
*
* All of the table names given here are automatically run through
* Database::tableName(), which causes the table prefix (if any) to be
* added, and various other table name mappings to be performed.
*
* Do not use untrusted user input as a table name. Alias names should
* not have characters outside of the Basic multilingual plane.
*
* @param string|array $vars Field name(s)
* @param-taint $vars exec_sql
*
* May be either a field name or an array of field names. The field names
* can be complete fragments of SQL, for direct inclusion into the SELECT
* query. If an array is given, field aliases can be specified, for example:
*
* [ 'maxrev' => 'MAX(rev_id)' ]
*
* This includes an expression with the alias "maxrev" in the query.
*
* If an expression is given, care must be taken to ensure that it is
* DBMS-independent.
*
* Untrusted user input must not be passed to this parameter.
*
* @param string|IExpression|array<string,?scalar|non-empty-array<int,?scalar>|RawSQLValue>|array<int,string|IExpression> $conds
* @param-taint $conds exec_sql_numkey
*
* May be either a string containing a single condition, or an array of
* conditions. If an array is given, the conditions constructed from each
* element are combined with AND.
*
* Array elements may take one of two forms:
*
* - Elements with a numeric key are interpreted as raw SQL fragments.
* - Elements with a string key are interpreted as equality conditions,
* where the key is the field name.
* - If the value of such an array element is a scalar (such as a
* string), it will be treated as data and thus quoted appropriately.
* If it is null, an IS NULL clause will be added.
* - If the value is an array, an IN (...) clause will be constructed
* from its non-null elements, and an IS NULL clause will be added
* if null is present, such that the field may match any of the
* elements in the array. The non-null elements will be quoted.
*
* Note that expressions are often DBMS-dependent in their syntax.
* DBMS-independent wrappers are provided for constructing several types of
* expression commonly used in condition queries. See:
* - IDatabase::buildLike()
* - IDatabase::conditional()
*
* Untrusted user input is safe in the values of string keys, however untrusted
* input must not be used in the array key names or in the values of numeric keys.
* Escaping of untrusted input used in values of numeric keys should be done via
* IDatabase::addQuotes()
*
* Use an empty array, string, or IDatabase::ALL_ROWS to select all rows.
*
* You *can* put simple join conditions here, but this is strongly discouraged.
* Instead of
*
* // $conds...
* 'rev_actor = actor_id',
*
* use (see below for $join_conds):
*
* // $join_conds...
* 'actor' => [ 'JOIN', 'rev_actor = actor_id' ],
*
* @param string $fname Caller function name @phan-mandatory-param
* @param-taint $fname exec_sql
*
* @param string|array $options Query options
* @param-taint $options none This is special-cased in MediaWikiSecurityCheckPlugin
*
* Optional: Array of query options. Boolean options are specified by
* including them in the array as a string value with a numeric key, for
* example:
*
* [ 'FOR UPDATE' ]
*
* The supported options are:
*
* - OFFSET: Skip this many rows at the start of the result set. OFFSET
* with LIMIT can theoretically be used for paging through a result set,
* but this is discouraged for performance reasons.
*
* - LIMIT: Integer: return at most this many rows. The rows are sorted
* and then the first rows are taken until the limit is reached. LIMIT
* is applied to a result set after OFFSET.
*
* - LOCK IN SHARE MODE: Boolean: lock the returned rows so that they can't be
* changed until the next COMMIT. Cannot be used with aggregate functions
* (COUNT, MAX, etc., but also DISTINCT).
*
* - FOR UPDATE: Boolean: lock the returned rows so that they can't be
* changed nor read with LOCK IN SHARE MODE until the next COMMIT.
* Cannot be used with aggregate functions (COUNT, MAX, etc., but also DISTINCT).
*
* - DISTINCT: Boolean: return only unique result rows.
*
* - GROUP BY: May be either an SQL fragment string naming a field or
* expression to group by, or an array of such SQL fragments.
*
* - HAVING: May be either a string containing a HAVING clause or an array of
* conditions building the HAVING clause. If an array is given, the conditions
* constructed from each element are combined with AND.
*
* - ORDER BY: May be either an SQL fragment giving a field name or
* expression to order by, or an array of such SQL fragments.
*
* - USE INDEX: This may be either a string giving the index name to use
* for the query, or an array. If it is an associative array, each key
* gives the table name (or alias), each value gives the index name to
* use for that table. All strings are SQL fragments and so should be
* validated by the caller.
*
* - IGNORE INDEX: This may be either be a string giving an index name to
* ignore for the query, or an array. If it is an associative array,
* each key gives the table name (or alias), each value gives the index
* name to ignore for that table. All strings are SQL fragments and so
* should be validated by the caller.
*
* - EXPLAIN: In MySQL, this causes an EXPLAIN SELECT query to be run,
* instead of SELECT.
*
* - MAX_EXECUTION_TIME: (only in MySQL/MariaDB) maximum allowed time to
* run the query in milliseconds (if database supports it).
*
* And also the following boolean MySQL extensions, see the MySQL manual
* for documentation:
*
* - STRAIGHT_JOIN
* - SQL_BIG_RESULT
* - SQL_BUFFER_RESULT
* - SQL_SMALL_RESULT
* - SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS
*
* @param string|array $join_conds Join conditions
* @param-taint $join_conds none This is special-cased in MediaWikiSecurityCheckPlugin
*
* Optional associative array of table-specific join conditions.
* Simple conditions can also be specified in the regular $conds,
* but this is strongly discouraged in favor of the more explicit syntax here.
*
* The key of the array contains the table name or alias. The value is an
* array with two elements, numbered 0 and 1. The first gives the type of
* join, the second is the same as the $conds parameter. Thus it can be
* an SQL fragment, or an array where the string keys are equality and the
* numeric keys are SQL fragments all AND'd together. For example:
*
* [ 'page' => [ 'LEFT JOIN', 'page_latest=rev_id' ] ]
*
* @internal
* @return IResultWrapper Resulting rows
* @return-taint tainted
* @throws DBError If an error occurs, {@see query}
*/
public function select(
$tables,
$vars,
$conds = '',
$fname = __METHOD__,
$options = [],
$join_conds = []
);
/**
* Wrapper to IDatabase::select() that only fetches one row (via LIMIT)
*
* If the query returns no rows, false is returned.
*
* This method is convenient for fetching a row based on a unique key condition.
*
* New callers should use {@link newSelectQueryBuilder} with {@link SelectQueryBuilder::fetchRow}
* instead, which is more readable and less error-prone.
*
* @internal
* @param string|array $tables Table reference(s), using the unqualified name of tables
* or of the form "information_schema.<identifier>". {@see select} for details.
* @param-taint $tables exec_sql
* @param string|array $vars Field names
* @param-taint $vars exec_sql
* @param string|IExpression|array<string,?scalar|non-empty-array<int,?scalar>|RawSQLValue>|array<int,string|IExpression> $conds
* Conditions
* @param-taint $conds exec_sql_numkey
* @param string $fname Caller function name @phan-mandatory-param
* @param-taint $fname exec_sql
* @param string|array $options Query options
* @param-taint $options none This is special-cased in MediaWikiSecurityCheckPlugin
* @param array|string $join_conds Join conditions
* @param-taint $join_conds none This is special-cased in MediaWikiSecurityCheckPlugin
* @return stdClass|false
* @return-taint tainted
* @throws DBError If an error occurs, {@see query}
*/
public function selectRow(
$tables,
$vars,
$conds,
$fname = __METHOD__,
$options = [],
$join_conds = []
);
/**
* Estimate the number of rows in dataset
*
* MySQL allows you to estimate the number of rows that would be returned
* by a SELECT query, using EXPLAIN SELECT. The estimate is provided using
* index cardinality statistics, and is notoriously inaccurate, especially
* when large numbers of rows have recently been added or deleted.
*
* For DBMSs that don't support fast result size estimation, this function
* will actually perform the SELECT COUNT(*).
*
* Takes the same arguments as IDatabase::select().
*
* New callers should use {@link newSelectQueryBuilder} with {@link SelectQueryBuilder::estimateRowCount}
* instead, which is more readable and less error-prone.
*
* @internal
* @param string|string[] $tables Table reference(s), using the unqualified name of tables
* or of the form "information_schema.<identifier>". {@see select} for details.
* @param string $var Column for which NULL values are not counted [default "*"]
* @param string|IExpression|array<string,?scalar|non-empty-array<int,?scalar>|RawSQLValue>|array<int,string|IExpression> $conds
* Filters on the table
* @param string $fname Function name for profiling @phan-mandatory-param
* @param array $options Options for select
* @param array|string $join_conds Join conditions
* @return int Row count
* @throws DBError If an error occurs, {@see query}
*/
public function estimateRowCount(
$tables, $var = '*', $conds = '', $fname = __METHOD__, $options = [], $join_conds = []
): int;
/**
* Get the number of rows in dataset
*
* This is useful when trying to do COUNT(*) but with a LIMIT for performance.
*
* Takes the same arguments as IDatabase::select().
*
* New callers should use {@link newSelectQueryBuilder} with {@link SelectQueryBuilder::fetchRowCount}
* instead, which is more readable and less error-prone.
*
* @since 1.27 Added $join_conds parameter
*
* @internal
* @param string|string[] $tables Table reference(s), using the unqualified name of tables
* or of the form "information_schema.<identifier>". {@see select} for details.
* @param-taint $tables exec_sql
* @param string $var Column for which NULL values are not counted [default "*"]
* @param-taint $var exec_sql
* @param string|IExpression|array<string,?scalar|non-empty-array<int,?scalar>|RawSQLValue>|array<int,string|IExpression> $conds
* Filters on the table
* @param-taint $conds exec_sql_numkey
* @param string $fname Function name for profiling @phan-mandatory-param
* @param-taint $fname exec_sql
* @param array $options Options for select
* @param-taint $options none This is special-cased in MediaWikiSecurityCheckPlugin
* @param array $join_conds Join conditions (since 1.27)
* @param-taint $join_conds none This is special-cased in MediaWikiSecurityCheckPlugin
* @return int Row count
* @return-taint none
* @throws DBError If an error occurs, {@see query}
*/
public function selectRowCount(
$tables, $var = '*', $conds = '', $fname = __METHOD__, $options = [], $join_conds = []
): int;
/**
* Returns true if DBs are assumed to be on potentially different servers
*
* In systems like mysql/mariadb, different databases can easily be referenced on a single
* connection merely by name, even in a single query via JOIN. On the other hand, Postgres
* treats databases as logically separate, with different database users, requiring special
* mechanisms like postgres_fdw to "mount" foreign DBs. This is true even among DBs on the
* same server. Changing the selected database via selectDomain() requires a new connection.
*
* @return bool
* @since 1.29
*/
public function databasesAreIndependent();
/**
* Set the current domain (database, schema, and table prefix)
*
* This will throw an error for some database types if the database is unspecified
*
* This should only be called by a load balancer or if the handle is not attached to one
*
* @param string|DatabaseDomain $domain
* @throws DBConnectionError If databasesAreIndependent() is true and connection change fails
* @throws DBError On query error, if domain changes are disallowed, or the domain is invalid
* @since 1.32
*/
public function selectDomain( $domain );
/**
* Get the current database name; null if there isn't one
*
* @return string|null
*/
public function getDBname();
/**
* Get the hostname or IP address of the server
*
* @return string|null
*/
public function getServer();
/**
* Get the readable name for the server
*
* @return string Readable server name, falling back to the hostname or IP address
* @since 1.36
*/
public function getServerName();
/**
* Ping the server and try to reconnect if it there is no connection
*
* @return bool Success or failure
*/
public function ping();
/**
* Get the seconds of replication lag on this database server
*
* Callers should avoid using this method while a transaction is active
*
* @return float|int|false Database replication lag in seconds or false on error
* @throws DBError If an error occurs, {@see query}
*/
public function getLag();
/**
* Get a cached estimate of the seconds of replication lag on this database server,
* using the estimate obtained at the start of the current transaction if one is active
*
* This is useful when transactions might use snapshot isolation (e.g. REPEATABLE-READ in
* innodb), so the "real" lag of that data is this lag plus transaction duration. If they
* don't, it is still safe to be pessimistic. In AUTOCOMMIT mode, this still gives an
* indication of the staleness of subsequent reads.
*
* @return array ('lag': seconds or false on error, 'since': UNIX timestamp of BEGIN)
* @throws DBError If an error occurs, {@see query}
* @since 1.27
*/
public function getSessionLagStatus();
/**
* Some DBMSs have a special format for inserting into blob fields, they
* don't allow simple quoted strings to be inserted. To insert into such
* a field, pass the data through this function before passing it to
* IDatabase::insert().
*
* @param string $b
* @return string|Blob
* @throws DBError
*/
public function encodeBlob( $b );
/**
* Some DBMSs return a special placeholder object representing blob fields
* in result objects. Pass the object through this function to return the
* original string.
*
* @param string|Blob $b
* @return string
* @throws DBError
*/
public function decodeBlob( $b );
/**
* See Expression::__construct()
*
* @since 1.42
* @param string $field
* @param-taint $field exec_sql
* @param string $op One of '>', '<', '!=', '=', '>=', '<=', IExpression::LIKE, IExpression::NOT_LIKE
* @phan-param '\x3E'|'\x3C'|'!='|'='|'\x3E='|'\x3C='|'LIKE'|'NOT LIKE' $op
* @param-taint $op exec_sql
* @param ?scalar|RawSQLValue|Blob|LikeValue|non-empty-list<scalar|Blob> $value
* @param-taint $value escapes_sql
* @return Expression
* @phan-side-effect-free
*/
public function expr( string $field, string $op, $value ): Expression;
/**
* See Expression::__construct()
*
* @since 1.43
* @param non-empty-array<string,?scalar|RawSQLValue|Blob|LikeValue|non-empty-list<scalar|Blob>>|non-empty-array<int,IExpression> $conds
* @param-taint $conds exec_sql_numkey
* @return AndExpressionGroup
* @phan-side-effect-free
*/
public function andExpr( array $conds ): AndExpressionGroup;
/**
* See Expression::__construct()
*
* @since 1.43
* @param non-empty-array<string,?scalar|RawSQLValue|Blob|LikeValue|non-empty-list<scalar|Blob>>|non-empty-array<int,IExpression> $conds
* @param-taint $conds exec_sql_numkey
* @return OrExpressionGroup
* @phan-side-effect-free
*/
public function orExpr( array $conds ): OrExpressionGroup;
/**
* Get a debugging string that mentions the database type, the ID of this instance,
* and the ID of any underlying connection resource or driver object if one is present
*
* @return string "<db type> object #<X>" or "<db type> object #<X> (resource/handle id #<Y>)"
* @since 1.34
*/
public function __toString();
}